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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster

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Published on: December 22, 2018

Design elements and first data from a new Doppler backscattering system on the MAST-U spherical tokamak.

T L Rhodes¹, C A Michael¹, P Shi²

¹Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|December 3, 2022

Summary

A new Doppler backscattering system on the MAST-U spherical tokamak measures plasma turbulence across a wide range of wavenumbers. This advanced system enhances signal-to-noise ratio for improved plasma transport studies.

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Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Fusion Energy Research
Diagnostic Techniques

Background:

Understanding plasma turbulence is crucial for controlling heat and particle transport in fusion devices.
Previous diagnostic limitations hindered detailed studies of small-scale turbulence relevant to transport.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a new Doppler backscattering (DBS) system on the MAST-U spherical tokamak.
To characterize the system's capabilities for probing plasma density turbulence over a broad wavenumber range.

Main Methods:

Installation and testing of an 8-frequency fixed probe beam DBS system.
Utilizing novel features for remote control of probed density wavenumber, launched polarization (X/O-mode), and launch angle.
Achieving density fluctuation wavevector alignment to optimize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Main Results:

The DBS system successfully probed plasma from the edge to the core.
Accessible normalized wavenumbers (kθρs) ranged from ≤0.5 to 9, covering key turbulence scales.
Demonstrated capability to align wavevectors, crucial for accurate measurements.

Conclusions:

The new MAST-U DBS system is a powerful tool for investigating plasma turbulence.
Its broad wavenumber coverage and alignment capabilities are vital for studying instabilities driving plasma transport.
This diagnostic advancement aids research into ion temperature gradient, trapped electron, and micro-tearing modes.