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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Apoptosis01:30

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity
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Paraptosis and tumor immunity.

H Terry Wepsic1, Neil Hoa2

  • 1Emeritus Professor of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 9269, USA; Former Chief of Staff, Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital, 5901 E.7(th) Street, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.

International Immunopharmacology
|December 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Paraptosis, a programmed cell death pathway, enhances anti-tumor immunity and mimics the effects of certain cell-based cancer vaccines. This programmed necrosis presents a promising strategy for clinical cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:
CancerImmunotherapyParaptosisVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Paraptosis is a programmed cell death pathway characterized by cellular swelling and necrosis.
  • Previous research indicates that activating paraptosis can enhance the immune system's response against tumors.
  • This immune stimulation resembles the effects observed with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-transduced cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight paraptosis as a potential therapeutic strategy in clinical cancer immunotherapy.
  • To underscore the immunogenic benefits of prolonged paraptosis activation.

Main Methods:

  • This communication focuses on a conceptual review and synthesis of existing research on paraptosis.
  • It analyzes the immunomodulatory effects of paraptosis induction in preclinical and clinical contexts.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged activation of paraptosis has been shown to improve tumor immunogenicity.
  • The induction of paraptosis can replicate the tumor-vaccinating effects associated with M-CSF-transduced cells.

Conclusions:

  • Paraptosis represents a valuable and underutilized strategy for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
  • Harnessing paraptosis offers a novel approach to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses for clinical application.