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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Comparative performance of wearable ECG devices for rhythm monitoring in endurance athletes.

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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

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Aerosol Generation During High Intensity Exercise-Implications for COVID-19 Transmission.

Brian Cowie1, Imogen Wadlow2, Andrew Yule3

  • 1Sports Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.

Heart, Lung & Circulation
|December 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

High intensity exercise significantly increases aerosol particle production, with concentrations remaining elevated even at 300 cm. Surgical masks reduce anterior but not lateral aerosol spread, suggesting enhanced distancing and airflow are crucial for safer exercise.

Keywords:
AerosolCOVID-19CoronavirusExerciseIndoor air qualitySport

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory science
  • Exercise physiology
  • Infectious disease transmission

Background:

  • COVID-19 transmission occurs via aerosolized respiratory particles.
  • The impact of exercise on aerosol production requires quantification.
  • Understanding aerosol dynamics during exercise is vital for public health guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify aerosol particle size and concentration during high intensity exercise (HIE).
  • To evaluate the effect of physical distance on aerosol dispersal.
  • To assess the efficacy of surgical masks in reducing aerosol emission during HIE.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational crossover study involving three healthy volunteers.
  • High intensity cardiopulmonary exercise testing at 80% peak capacity on a cycle ergometer.
  • Aerosol measurement at 35, 150, and 300 cm, anterior and lateral, with and without surgical masks, using APS and MiniWRAS.

Main Results:

  • HIE generates aerosol particles in the 0.2-1 micrometer range.
  • Increased distance significantly reduced aerosol concentrations (MiniWRAS, APS).
  • Aerosol concentrations remained elevated at 300 cm; surgical masks reduced anterior but not lateral spread.

Conclusions:

  • High intensity exercise is a significant aerosol-generating activity.
  • Effective physical distancing for exercise may need to exceed 150 cm.
  • Safer exercise protocols should prioritize distance and ventilation over sole reliance on mask-wearing.