Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and autoimmunity

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Immunology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) presents with neurological symptoms and vasogenic edema.
• PRES is associated with various conditions including hypertension, autoimmune diseases, and renal dysfunction.
• Autoimmune abnormalities are found in up to 50% of PRES patients, suggesting a role for immune activation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review clinical and laboratory evidence linking PRES to autoimmunity.
• To explore the immune activation hypothesis in the pathogenesis of PRES.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical and laboratory studies on PRES.
• Analysis of evidence supporting autoimmune mechanisms in PRES.
• Examination of associations between PRES and conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus.

Main Results:

• PRES involves impaired cerebral endothelial barrier function leading to vasogenic edema.
• Hypertension, autoimmune diseases, renal issues, and certain treatments are common triggers.
• A significant proportion of PRES cases exhibit autoimmune abnormalities, supporting immune activation theories.

Conclusions:

• The evidence strongly suggests that immune activation plays a crucial role in the development of PRES.
• PRES should be considered in the context of autoimmune diseases.
• Further research into the autoimmune pathogenesis of PRES is warranted.