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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple myeloma.

Brian W Hoeynck1, Adam D Cohen2,3, Edward A Stadtmauer2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

European Journal of Haematology
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare JC virus reactivation. This study details six PML cases in multiple myeloma patients, including two linked to BCMA-directed immunotherapies.

Keywords:
multiple myelomaprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, fatal demyelinating CNS disease.
  • JC virus reactivation causes PML, typically in immunocompromised individuals.
  • PML is infrequently reported in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical presentation and natural history of PML in multiple myeloma patients.
  • To identify potential associations between PML and specific MM treatments, including novel immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis.
  • Review of medical records for six multiple myeloma patients diagnosed with PML between 2013 and 2022.
  • Analysis of treatment history, particularly recent immunotherapies like BCMA-directed agents.

Main Results:

  • Six cases of PML were identified in multiple myeloma patients.
  • Two cases developed PML in close temporal relation to BCMA-directed immunotherapy.
  • Presents the limited but important data on PML in this specific patient population.

Conclusions:

  • PML is a rare but serious complication in multiple myeloma patients.
  • Emerging immunotherapies, such as BCMA-directed treatments, may be associated with PML risk.
  • Further research is needed to understand PML pathogenesis and management in MM.