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The Correlation Between Otitis Media With Effusion and Adenoid Hypertrophy Among Pediatric ‎Patients: A Systematic

Ghadi D Mashat1, Hadrian Hoang-Vu Tran2, Neway A Urgessa3

  • 1Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.

Cureus
|December 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Recurring otitis media with effusion (OME) in children can lead to hearing loss and developmental issues. Adenoid hypertrophy is a key factor, but more research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Auditory Health
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) affects 80% of children, characterized by middle ear fluid without infection.
  • Risk factors include environmental, genetic, and lifestyle elements, with potential long-term impacts on hearing and development.
  • Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a significant contributor to OME, influencing middle ear pressure and fluid dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media with effusion in children.
  • To identify key factors contributing to recurrent OME and its diagnostic approaches.
  • To highlight research gaps and the need for further investigation.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct.
  • Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied, with quality assessment using AMSTAR, Newcastle-Ottawa, and Axis scales.
  • Analysis of one review article, six observational studies, and three cross-sectional studies.

Main Results:

  • Adenoid hypertrophy is a primary factor in pediatric OME, impacting middle ear conditions and fluid presence.
  • The review identified various contributing factors to recurrent OME, underscoring the need for accurate diagnosis.
  • A significant scarcity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was noted in the current literature.

Conclusions:

  • Adenoid hypertrophy plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pediatric OME.
  • Further high-quality research, particularly RCTs, is essential to address the identified knowledge gaps in OME and AH research.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of OME are vital to prevent developmental and communicative impairments in children.

Keywords:
adenoid hypertrophyenlarged adenoidsotitis mediaotitis media with effusionpharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy‎

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