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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Architected soft materials offer unique properties but are challenging to fabricate.
  • Controlling material shape during curing is complex due to simultaneous flow and solidification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in directed control of interfacial fluid flows for soft material assembly.
  • To highlight the role of capillary forces in free-surface flows of curable elastomers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of free-surface flows in curable elastomers.
  • Investigating the interplay between flow-induced deformations and curing kinetics.
  • Examining the influence of capillary forces on interface stability and pattern formation.

Main Results:

  • Capillary forces play a dual role: stabilizing interfaces and promoting instabilities like droplet formation.
  • These instabilities can spontaneously form regular patterns, such as hexagonal lattices.
  • The inherent regularity of these out-of-equilibrium processes is key.

Conclusions:

  • Directed control of interfacial fluid instabilities offers a promising route for fabricating architected soft materials.
  • This approach enables the creation of complex structures without individual element placement.
  • Potential for new, efficient manufacturing paradigms in soft robotics and biomaterials.