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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
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Phenotypic plasticity as a facilitator of microbial evolution.

Emerson Santiago1, David F Moreno1,2, Murat Acar1,2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Environmental Epigenetics
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics offers a flexible way to adapt to environmental changes, influencing evolution. This review explores epigenetic mechanisms, their role in phenotypic plasticity, and their synergy with genetic evolution.

Keywords:
Baldwin effectepigeneticsevolutioninheritancenoisephenotypic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The inheritance of acquired characteristics is now understood through epigenetics.
  • Epigenetic traits offer flexibility for exploring phenotypic space and adapting to environments.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms facilitate phenotypic plasticity and can drive evolutionary innovation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of epigenetic information storage and transmission.
  • To examine epigenetically regulated phenotypes.
  • To discuss the evolvability of epigenetic traits and their synergy with genetic evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Exploration of epigenetic information storage and intergenerational transmission.
  • Analysis of epigenetic regulation of phenotypes and evolutionary processes.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms provide low-cost exploration of phenotypic space.
  • Epigenetic traits enable reactive tuning to environmental pressures.
  • Potential for strong epigenetic-genetic evolutionary synergy exists.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics provides a mechanism for rapid adaptation and evolutionary innovation.
  • Baldwinian adaptive phenotypic plasticity is a key aspect of epigenetic evolvability.
  • Synergy between epigenetic and genetic evolution is a critical area for future research.