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Dynamic inflammatory response among routine laboratory biomarkers and their predictive ability for mortality in
Arturo Cortes-Telles1, Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis2, Víctor Aarón Álvarez-Sánchez3
1Clinica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.
Insights
Routine laboratory biomarkers like leukocytes and neutrophils can predict mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. Elevated levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer indicate higher risk, while lower eosinophils and platelets suggest better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Pathology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Systemic inflammation is key in COVID-19 pathophysiology, but specific biomarkers are not routinely used.
- Few studies have analyzed routine laboratory markers to predict severe COVID-19 outcomes.
- Factors like age, sex, and comorbidities influence COVID-19 severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the dynamic inflammatory response using routine laboratory biomarkers.
- To predict in-hospital mortality in Mexican patients with severe COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- A cohort study of 250 severe COVID-19 patients.
- Demographic data collected from medical charts.
- Routine biochemical parameters measured at admission and on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21.
Main Results:
- 40.8% of patients died.
- Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were observed in non-survivors.
- Leukocytes and neutrophils were the strongest independent predictors of mortality, regardless of age, sex, or comorbidities.
Conclusions:
- Routine laboratory biomarkers can effectively predict mortality in severe COVID-19.
- Leukocyte and neutrophil counts are valuable for risk stratification in hospitalized patients.
- Supports the use of accessible lab tests for managing severe COVID-19.
Background:
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is related to several factors, including age, sex, and comorbidities (obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension). However, systemic inflammation plays a fundamental role in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Several studies have described this association employing specific biomarkers that are not routinely used in clinical practice. On the other hand, very few reports in the literature focused on the analysis of the routine laboratory biomarkers to predict the outcome of severe COVID-19 patients.
Objective:
We aimed to analyze the dynamic inflammatory response using routine laboratory biomarkers to predict in-hospital mortality in Mexican patients with severe COVID-19.
Methods:
This is a cohort study including patients with severe COVID-19. Demographic characteristics were retrieved from medical charts and biochemical parameters were measured at hospital admission and subsequently on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 during the hospital stay; measurements were stopped when patients were discharged from the hospital (alive or death).
Results:
A total of 250 patients were included in the study, 40.8% of patients died. The analyzed routine laboratory parameters, such as serum levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer remained elevated in hospitalized patients who did not survive, whereas eosinophil and platelets were maintained at lower levels. In the multivariate analysis, leukocytes, and neutrophils were the best biomarkers for predicting mortality risk and were independent of age, gender, or comorbidities.
Conclusion:
Our results support the use of routine laboratory biomarkers as predictors of mortality in Mexican hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.
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