Photoelectrochemical Detection of Calcium Ions Based on Hematite Nanorod Sensors

α-Fe₂O₃ (hematite) thin films have been shown to be a robust sensor substrate for photoelectrochemical imaging with good stability and high spatial resolution. Herein, one-dimensional (1D) hematite nanorods (NRs) synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method are proposed as a substrate which provides nanostructured surfaces with enhanced photocurrent responses compared to previously described hematite films, good stability, and excellent spatial resolution for potential imaging applications. The photoelectrochemical sensing capability of hematite NRs was demonstrated by a high pH sensitivity without modification. The modification of the hematite NRs with a thin poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based ion-selective film allowed highly reversible amperometric detection of calcium ions with sensor materials traditionally employed in potentiometric devices.