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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
1.7K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
4.4K
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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Wear patterns in knee OA correlate with native limb geometry.

A Van Oevelen1,2,3, I Van den Borre4, K Duquesne1,2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to analyze knee osteoarthritis (OA) by standardizing cartilage thickness assessment. It reveals that limb geometry and alignment significantly predict the risk and location of cartilage loss in knee OA.

Keywords:
alignmentknee diagnostic imagingknee wearosteoarthritisstatistical shape analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Current knee osteoarthritis (OA) grading uses discrete scoring systems on predefined regions.
  • Anatomically standardized cartilage thickness assessment is crucial for robust statistical comparisons.
  • This study addresses the need for standardized analysis to understand OA risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for anatomically standardized cartilage thickness assessment.
  • To compare morphotypes of healthy individuals and virtual reconstructions of OA patients.
  • To assess shape-related knee OA risk and correlate phenotype with cartilage loss patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dataset of 798 end-stage knee OA cases.
  • Computed joint space width and translated it into 2D pixel images.
  • Employed a principal polynomial autoencoder for non-linear encoding of cartilage wear patterns and virtual healthy twin reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Identified 4 dominant wear patterns accounting for 94% of variance: medial (54.8%), bicompartmental (25.2%), and lateral (9.1%).
  • Medial wear further subdivided into anteromedial (11.3%) and posteromedial (10.4%).
  • Pre-diseased limb geometry predicted OA incidence with a positive predictive value of 0.80 (r=0.58, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Presented an innovative workflow to correlate cartilage wear with knee joint phenotype.
  • Assessed distinct knee OA risk based on pre-diseased lower limb morphology.
  • Confirmed the importance of alignment and joint geometry in knee OA onset and progression.