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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Correlation analysis between gut microbiota characteristics and melasma.

Cong Liu1, Dan He2, Anye Yu1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut microbiota alterations are linked to melasma development, potentially through estrogen metabolism. This study identifies specific bacterial differences in melasma patients, offering insights for future treatments.

Keywords:
Collinsella spp.estrogen metabolismgut microbiotamelasmaβ-glucuronidase

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Dermatology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota influences various human diseases, including skin conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne, via the gut-skin axis.
  • Gut microbial dysbiosis is implicated in disease development, affecting estrogen metabolism through enzymes like β-glucuronidase, which impacts estrogen reabsorption.
  • Melasma's occurrence is linked to abnormal estrogen metabolism, but the specific role of gut microbiota structure remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between gut microbiota structure and melasma.
  • To compare the gut microbial diversity between melasma patients and healthy individuals.
  • To explore the potential role of specific gut bacteria in melasma pathogenesis through estrogen metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological surveys were conducted on melasma patients and a healthy control group.
  • Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze gut microbiota composition.
  • Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity indices were calculated to compare species diversity between groups.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in the abundance of specific gut bacteria, including *Collinsella* spp. and *Actinomyces* spp. (Actinobacteria), were observed between melasma patients and healthy controls.
  • Actinobacteria showed the most significant difference, with notable variations in Coriobacteriia, Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriales, Coriobacteriaceae, and *Collinsella* spp. (p < 0.05).
  • These microbial differences are associated with β-glucuronidase production and estrogen metabolism, suggesting a link to melasma development.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in gut microbiota structure, particularly the role of *Collinsella* spp., may significantly contribute to melasma occurrence and progression by influencing estrogen metabolism.
  • This research provides a foundational understanding and data for further investigation into the gut microbiota-melasma connection.
  • Findings may aid in developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for melasma targeting the gut microbiome.