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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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JUMPn: A Streamlined Application for Protein Co-Expression Clustering and Network Analysis in Proteomics
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Emerging insights and challenges for understanding T cell function through the proteome.

Laura A Solt1,2

  • 1Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Florida (UF) Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Understanding T cell activation requires studying proteins. Recent advances in proteomics offer new ways to analyze T cell protein dynamics, crucial for understanding immune responses and diseases.

Keywords:
T cellsadaptive immunitymass spectrometryprotein identificationproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • T cell activation involves complex signaling, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and metabolism.
  • Single-cell sequencing has revolutionized understanding of T cell genomics and transcriptomics.
  • Significant gaps exist in understanding protein-level changes during T cell activation and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on protein synthesis and degradation during T cell activation.
  • To highlight technical advances in proteomics applicable to T cell biology.
  • To discuss future directions for T cell proteome research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on T cell activation and proteomics.
  • Analysis of technical advancements in proteomic methodologies.
  • Discussion of single-cell proteomic approaches.

Main Results:

  • T cell activation involves dynamic changes in protein synthesis and degradation.
  • Proteomics provides insights into molecular mechanisms regulating T cell function.
  • Recent studies have improved understanding of T cell proteomes.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics is essential for a comprehensive understanding of T cell activation and function.
  • Further development of single-cell proteomic techniques is needed.
  • Advancing T cell proteome research will illuminate disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.