Real-world prescription patterns for reproductive assistance patients in China: A trend analysis from 2016 to 2020

Background: Pharmacotherapy is one of the primary treatments for patients with Assisted reproductive technology (ART). Despite the publication of various research on ART treatment, there is no clear conclusion regarding the choice of drug treatment in China. Our research intends to examine the trend of widely prescribed medications for ART patients in China. For instance, the study examines the logic of drug indications, usage, and dose in patient prescriptions. Methods: We did a cross-sectional study of the data from the hospital prescription analysis cooperation project supervised by the China Medical Association. The information is extracted from the prescriptions of reproductive assistance outpatients from January 2016 to December 2020. We used the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classification to quantify the frequency of drug use and the categories of drugs. We manually extract the information of patients who require ART treatment, divide the patients into various age groups and geographies, followed by study the indications, utilization, and rationale of the most important therapeutic medications. Results: Among the 225225 patients included in this study, Guangzhou (47.83%), Shanghai (19.84%), and Zhengzhou (9.36%) were the top three cities. In the past 5 years, the average age was 32.99, and 60.38% of women were between the age of 25 and 34. The main therapeutic medicines taken by each patient, primarily hormone therapies, were tallied. Eleven types of primary therapeutic medicines were employed. Different progesterone preparations (47472, 21.08%), chorionic gonadotrophin gondotrophin for injection (38932, 17.29%), dydrogesterone tables (33591, 14.91%), and triptorelin for injection (26959, 11.97%) rounded out the top five. According to the data on outpatient medications in major cities in China, the variety and proportion of injections are the highest, including the most frequent types of ovulation induction and urotropia, as well as triptorelin and progesterone. Even though the total dosage of urotropin was the highest in 5 years, it showed a declining trend. The dosages of progesterone and didroxyprogesterone increased, with progesterone showing the most rapid increase. The top five most expensive prescription medications are triptorelin, urotropin, progesterone, didroxyprogesterone, and leuprorelin, in that order. Goserelin, leuprorelin, triptorelin, growth hormone, and didroxyprogesterone are among the top five most expensive medications per capita. Conclusion: The average age of patients has not increased considerably over the past 5 years. However, the opportunity cost of childbirth for women has increased, which has significantly enhanced their willingness for childbearing intentions. The medication selection is reasonable overall. In this study, the recommended dosages of first-line medicines (urotropin and chorionic gonadotropin) are likewise high. In contrast, the dosage of oral first-line treatment for ovarian stimulation in unexplained infertility is modest, and the dosage of progesterone is steadily increasing. In addition, the price of certain medicines is high, which will increase the patients' financial burden. Future research will focus on enhancing the degree of rational drug use among outpatients and realizing the economical, safe, and effective use of pharmaceuticals to lessen the economic burden of patients.