Simultaneous detection of novel genes and SNPs by adaptive p-value combination

Combining SNP p-values from GWAS summary data is a promising strategy for detecting novel genetic factors. Existing statistical methods for the p-value-based SNP-set testing confront two challenges. First, the statistical power of different methods depends on unknown patterns of genetic effects that could drastically vary over different SNP sets. Second, they do not identify which SNPs primarily contribute to the global association of the whole set. We propose a new signal-adaptive analysis pipeline to address these challenges using the omnibus thresholding Fisher's method (oTFisher). The oTFisher remains robustly powerful over various patterns of genetic effects. Its adaptive thresholding can be applied to estimate important SNPs contributing to the overall significance of the given SNP set. We develop efficient calculation algorithms to control the type I error rate, which accounts for the linkage disequilibrium among SNPs. Extensive simulations show that the oTFisher has robustly high power and provides a higher balanced accuracy in screening SNPs than the traditional Bonferroni and FDR procedures. We applied the oTFisher to study the genetic association of genes and haplotype blocks of the bone density-related traits using the summary data of the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium. The oTFisher identified more novel and literature-reported genetic factors than existing p-value combination methods. Relevant computation has been implemented into the R package TFisher to support similar data analysis.