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Genetically supported causality between benign prostate hyperplasia and urinary bladder neoplasms: A mendelian

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Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) increases the risk of bladder cancer (BLCA), according to a Mendelian randomization study. However, the study found no evidence that bladder cancer causes benign prostate hyperplasia.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics
  • Urology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and bladder cancer (BLCA).
  • Limitations of observational studies hinder causal inference between BPH and BLCA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal association between genetically predicted BPH and BLCA risk using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Main Methods:

  • A two-sample MR analysis utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for BPH and BLCA.
  • Instrumental variables (IVs) for BPH and BLCA were identified and rigorously selected.
  • Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropic bias.

Main Results:

  • Genetically predicted BPH was associated with an increased risk of BLCA across all histological subtypes (OR = 1.095, p = 0.003).
  • No significant causal effect of BLCA on BPH was observed (OR = 1.092, p = 0.554).
  • GWAS data included substantial sample sizes for both BPH and BLCA.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically determined BPH is linked to a higher risk of developing BLCA in the European population.
  • The study did not find evidence supporting a causal role of BLCA in the development of BPH.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the BPH-BLCA association.