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A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation

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Oxygen-Generating Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Applications.

Sanika Suvarnapathaki^1,2, Angelina Nguyen², Anastasia Goulopoulos²

¹Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

|December 5, 2022

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Researchers developed novel oxygen-generating scaffolds using calcium peroxide (CaO2) and polycaprolactone (PCL) to improve cell survival in engineered tissues. These controlled oxygen-release biomaterials enhance cell viability and proliferation, aiding cardiac tissue engineering.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Implanted tissue constructs require vascularization for survival, but oxygen deprivation can cause cell death up to 5 weeks post-implantation.
Current oxygen-generating biomaterials suffer from uncontrolled oxygen release, which is harmful to cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer composite scaffolds with controlled oxygen release kinetics for sustained oxygen supply over 5 weeks.
To create a model system for cardiac tissue engineering using oxygen-generating microspheres in a gelatin-based hydrogel with cardiomyocytes.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of calcium peroxide (CaO2) within polycaprolactone (PCL) to create oxygen-generating composite scaffolds.
Coencapsulation of oxygen-generating microparticles with cardiomyocytes in a gelatin-based hydrogel.

Keywords:

cardiac oxygen-generating oxygen-releasing scaffolds tissue engineering

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Evaluation of scaffold mechanical properties, pore size, swelling, and degradation rates.

Assessment of cell viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions.

Main Results:

The composite scaffolds exhibited controlled oxygen release sustained over 5 weeks.
Scaffold mechanical strength improved (5-35 kPa), with pore sizes of 50-100 microm, swelling ratios of 33.3-29.8%, and 10-49% mass remaining after 48h degradation.
Enhanced cell viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity were observed in hypoxic conditions compared to controls.
The optimized scaffolds showed no signs of cytotoxicity or apoptosis.

Conclusions:

Composite scaffolds incorporating calcium peroxide in polycaprolactone provide controlled, sustained oxygen release.
These oxygen-generating scaffolds improve cell survival and function in engineered cardiac tissue models.
The developed biomaterials show potential for advancing *in vivo* translation in cardiac tissue engineering.