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Topological defect-mediated morphodynamics of active-active interfaces.

De-Qing Zhang1, Peng-Cheng Chen1, Zhong-Yi Li1

  • 1Department of Engineering Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We uncovered how topological defects drive active interface evolution, revealing U-turns, finger formation, and defect transport. These findings are key to understanding tissue competition and organ development.

Keywords:
active nematicsactivity natureinterfacial dynamicsmulticellular monolayerstopological defect

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Passive interfaces are well understood, but the physics of active interfaces remain largely unknown.
  • Active interfaces are crucial in natural and engineered systems, including biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics and evolution of active-active interfaces.
  • To elucidate the role of topological defects in active interface morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a biphasic framework of active nematic liquid crystals.
  • Combined theoretical modeling, numerical simulations, and cell-based experiments.
  • Analyzed defect dynamics near interfaces and cross-interface transport.

Main Results:

  • Identified novel dynamics of topological defects near active interfaces, including 'U-turns' and interface penetration.
  • Demonstrated that defects can drive interfacial finger formation and morphogenesis.
  • Confirmed predictions through experiments with interacting multicellular monolayers exhibiting differential cell activity.

Conclusions:

  • Emergent interfacial morphodynamics result from interface instability and activity-dependent defect-interface interactions.
  • Topological defects play a critical role in active-active interfaces, influencing boundary formation and tissue competition.
  • These principles are relevant to organogenesis and disease processes.