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Aberrant memory and delusional ideation: A pernicious partnership?

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Clinical Psychology Review
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Memory systems, particularly associative memory, may explain delusions and delusion-like beliefs. Impaired memory functions like false alarms and source memory biases are linked to these beliefs.

Keywords:
DelusionMemoryMetamemorySchizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Delusions are core symptoms of schizophrenia but also appear in the general population.
  • Understanding shared cognitive mechanisms is crucial across this spectrum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the associative memory system in the formation and maintenance of delusions.
  • To explore cognitive mechanisms underlying delusionality in clinical and subclinical populations.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of clinical and subclinical literature was conducted.
  • Examined associations between memory function subdomains and delusionality.

Main Results:

  • General neurocognitive metrics did not correlate with delusionality.
  • Specific memory impairments, including errors of commission, source memory biases, and metamemory deficits, were associated with delusionality.
  • Aberrant associative memory function may underlie these effects.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired associative and metamemory function may be traits predisposing individuals to delusions.
  • During psychosis, these traits may interact with aberrant salience and noisy input, leading to delusions as explanations for high-salience, low-source memories.