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Related Concept Videos

Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

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Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Association between temperature variability and global meningitis incidence.

Junjun Chen1, Zhihua Jiao2, Zhisheng Liang3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Environment International
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Rising temperature variability, a climate change indicator, significantly increases global meningitis risk. Urgent climate action is needed to prevent future meningitis epidemics, especially in vulnerable regions and populations.

Keywords:
Climate ChangeGBDMeningitisShared Socioeconomic PathwaysTemperature variability

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Climate Change Research

Background:

  • Meningitis outbreaks pose significant public health threats and are influenced by climate change.
  • The specific impact of temperature variability, a key climate change metric, on meningitis incidence remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between global temperature variability and meningitis incidence.
  • To project future meningitis incidence under various climate change scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized global meningitis incidence, meteorological, and demographic data from 1990-2019.
  • Employed future climate data (2020-2100) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for predictive modeling.

Main Results:

  • Temperature variability has tripled globally in the last 30 years, with significant increases in Australasia, Tropical Latin America, and Central Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • A 4.8% global increase in meningitis risk is associated with each logarithmic unit increase in temperature variability, with specific regions and demographics (males, children, elderly) being most affected.
  • A projected 85.8% reduction in global meningitis incidence by 2100 is predicted under a low-emission scenario (SSP126) compared to a high-emission scenario (SSP585).

Conclusions:

  • Evidence confirms a link between temperature variability and meningitis incidence.
  • Global collaboration to mitigate climate change is crucial for preventing future meningitis outbreaks.