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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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A Fluorescence-based Lymphocyte Assay Suitable for High-throughput Screening of Small Molecules
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Cellular assays to evaluate B-cell function.

Neema Izadi1, Pia J Hauk2

  • 1Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, USC, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States of America.

Journal of Immunological Methods
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular assays like lymphocyte proliferation, opsonophagocytic, and ELISPOT assays are crucial for evaluating B-cell function in diagnosing antibody deficiencies and assessing immune responses. These methods aid in understanding B-cell function for better patient care.

Keywords:
B cellBlastogenesisCellular assayDiagnosticsELISPOTOpsonophagocyticProliferation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) often manifest as recurrent infections due to antibody deficiencies.
  • Evaluating the B-cell and antibody compartment is essential for diagnosing IEI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of cellular assays for studying B-cell function.
  • To discuss the clinical applications and limitations of lymphocyte proliferation assays (LPAs), opsonophagocytic assays (OPAs), and ELISPOT assays.

Main Methods:

  • Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay (LPA): Assesses ex-vivo cell proliferation in response to stimuli.
  • Opsonophagocytic Assay (OPA): Evaluates the ability of IgG antibodies to induce phagocytosis.
  • Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Spot Assay (ELISPOT): Assesses antibody production at a cellular level.

Main Results:

  • LPAs can assess T-cell proliferation clinically, with research settings offering more B-cell specific stimuli.
  • OPAs are used to assess vaccine potency and IgG quality.
  • B-cell ELISPOT assays can characterize specific antibody responses and are useful in patients on IgG therapy or immunomodulatory drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular assays like LPA, OPA, and ELISPOT are vital tools for assessing B-cell function in various clinical and research settings.
  • These assays provide critical insights into antibody deficiencies and immune responses, aiding in diagnosis and treatment evaluation.