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Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores
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Solid-State Nanopore Array: Manufacturing and Applications.

Hongshuai Liu1, Qin Zhou2, Wei Wang3

  • 1Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Solid-state nanopore manufacturing has advanced significantly, enabling smaller pore sizes. This review explores fabrication methods for nanopore arrays, crucial for industrial applications like DNA sequencing and desalination.

Keywords:
DNA sequencingnanomanufacturingnanopore arrayssensorssolid state nanopores

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Solid-state nanopore technology has evolved since its inception in 2001, with continuous size reduction to approximately 1 nm.
  • The increasing demand for robust and sensitive devices necessitates the development of nanopore array fabrication.
  • Current nanopore array fabrication faces challenges in efficiency, accuracy, repeatability, material compatibility, and cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize diverse methods for manufacturing solid-state nanopores and nanopore arrays.
  • To analyze achievable morphologies, sizes, and inner structures for characterizing nanopore fabrication.
  • To highlight the potential applications of nanopore arrays in various industrial sectors.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on nanopore and nanopore array fabrication techniques.
  • Characterization of achievable nanopore morphologies, sizes, and internal structures.
  • Discussion of challenges and advancements in scaling nanopore fabrication for arrays.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive overview of various nanopore manufacturing methods is presented.
  • The article details the achievable characteristics of nanopores produced by different techniques.
  • Key challenges in the efficient and accurate fabrication of nanopore arrays are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore array fabrication is a nascent field with significant potential but requires overcoming several bottlenecks.
  • Understanding diverse fabrication methods is crucial for advancing nanopore array technology.
  • Nanopore arrays hold promise for applications in DNA/RNA sequencing, energy, water desalination, sensing, and more.