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Mpox in Children and Adolescents: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Amy M Beeson1,2, Julia Haston1, David W McCormick1
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Abstract:
Although mpox is rare among children in the United States, pediatric cases are being reported during the 2022 multinational mpox outbreak. Vaccines and antiviral medications developed for other orthopoxviruses have recently become widely used to prevent and treat mpox in both children and adults in the United States. Although scientific literature regarding mpox in children and adolescents is scant, prior case reports can provide valuable information about the clinical features and potential complications of untreated clade II mpox in these age groups. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and clinical features of mpox in children and adolescents and provide recommendations for clinicians regarding its diagnosis, management, and prevention. Robust, dedicated surveillance of pediatric exposures and cases in the current outbreak, including the use of vaccines and therapeutics, are needed to guide clinical management and public health strategies.
Insights
Pediatric mpox cases are emerging during the 2022 outbreak. This review details mpox in children and adolescents, offering clinical guidance for diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Viral Outbreaks
- Public Health
Background:
- Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is rare in children but cases are increasing during the 2022 multinational outbreak.
- Existing vaccines and antivirals for orthopoxviruses are being used for pediatric mpox prevention and treatment.
- Limited scientific literature exists on mpox specifically in children and adolescents.
Conclusions:
- Clinicians require updated guidance for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of mpox in children and adolescents.
- Enhanced surveillance of pediatric mpox cases and vaccination/treatment use is crucial.
- Further research is needed to understand long-term outcomes and optimize pediatric mpox care.
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