In vitro and in vivo models for monkeypox

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• The recent global spread of monkeypox virus (MPXV) has created an urgent need for research tools.
• Existing research models are crucial for understanding MPXV pathogenesis, replication, and transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize the available in vitro and in vivo models for MPXV research.
• To discuss the utility of these models in advancing MPXV understanding and antiviral development.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing scientific literature on MPXV models.
• Categorization of models into in vitro (2D and 3D cultures) and in vivo systems.
• Analysis of the strengths and limitations of each model type.

Main Results:

• In vitro models offer cost-effectiveness and controlled conditions but may not fully represent physiological states.
• In vivo models are being developed to better mimic human infections and disease progression.
• A variety of cell lines and animal models are available for MPXV research.

Conclusions:

• Both in vitro and in vivo models are essential for comprehensive MPXV research.
• Characterized MPXV models will accelerate the discovery of antivirals and therapeutic strategies.
• Continued development and validation of these models are critical for addressing the global health emergency.