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Multitasking While Driving: Central Bottleneck or Problem State Interference?

Moritz Held1,2, Jochem W Rieger2, Jelmer P Borst1

  • 1Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

Human Factors
|December 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Driving performance declines when working memory load increases, suggesting a bottleneck in working memory capacity. This impacts visuospatial attention and driving control.

Keywords:
adaptive automationcognitive modelingdriver behaviorhuman computer interactionmental workload

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Transportation Safety

Background:

  • Multitasking driving studies reveal interactions between attention and working memory.
  • These interactions are often attributed to a central bottleneck or a problem-state bottleneck linked to working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether visuospatial attention and working memory load interact at a central control resource or a task-specific resource during driving.
  • To differentiate between central bottleneck and problem-state bottleneck theories in driving contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Developed two cognitive models in ACT-R: one central bottleneck, one problem-state bottleneck.
  • Simulated a driving task with varying visuospatial attention and working memory load.
  • Validated models against behavioral data from human participants.

Main Results:

  • The problem-state bottleneck model accurately predicted performance decrements from both working memory load and visuospatial attention demands.
  • The central bottleneck model failed to account for the impact of increased working memory load.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between working memory and visuospatial attention during dual-tasking driving is best explained by a working memory bottleneck.
  • Increased working memory load leads to reduced driver control actions and diminished driving performance.