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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
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Carbon Dioxide Microbubble Bursting Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Yuanji Gao1,2, Quan He1, Cheng Guo3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310027, P. R. China.

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|December 6, 2022
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A novel carbon dioxide microbubble bursting ionization (CDMBI) method efficiently extracts and detects trace analytes from aqueous solutions. This zero-voltage technique simulates sea spray aerosols for sensitive mass spectrometry analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Bubble bursting generates aerosols with high electric fields, aiding analyte extraction.
  • Existing ionization methods often require exogenous electric fields, limiting simplicity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a simple, efficient, zero-voltage ionization method: carbon dioxide microbubble bursting ionization (CDMBI).
  • To simulate sea spray aerosol interfacial chemistries for enhanced analyte detection.
  • To demonstrate CDMBI's capability for trace surface-active organic compound analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Generating carbon dioxide microbubbles *in situ* in aqueous analyte solutions.
  • Utilizing microbubble bursting at the water-air interface to produce charged aerosol microdroplets.
  • Directly transferring microdroplets to a mass spectrometer for analysis.

Main Results:

  • CDMBI achieves rapid analysis (4.2 s) with stable ion chromatograms (RSD: 9.4%).
  • Detection limits reach fg/mL levels for various surface-active compounds like PFOA and fatty acids.
  • Exogenous voltage application showed minimal improvement in ionization efficiency or sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • CDMBI effectively combines bubbling extraction and microbubble bursting ionization without external voltage.
  • The mechanism involves bubbling extraction, proton transfer, and electrospray-like ionization.
  • CDMBI-MS is a versatile technique for rapid detection of trace surface-active analytes in both positive and negative ion modes.