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Subclinical hyperthyroidism in children.

Kotb Abbass Metwalley¹, Hekma Saad Farghaly¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM

|December 6, 2022

Summary

Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) in children, characterized by low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal thyroid hormones, requires individualized management. This review details its prevalence, causes, and clinical approach.

Keywords:

Graves’ disease Hashimoto’s thyroiditis anti-thyroid drugs subclinical hyperthyroidism thyroid-stimulating hormone

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Thyroid Disorders
Internal Medicine

Background:

Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) is defined by suppressed TSH with normal free T4 and T3.
SH can be classified as mild (TSH 0.1-0.45 mU/L) or severe (TSH <0.1 mU/L).
Patients may be asymptomatic or present with milder symptoms than overt hyperthyroidism.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the prevalence, causes, and clinical presentation of SH in children.
To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pediatric SH.
To provide an evidence-based approach to managing SH in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

Extensive literature search on subclinical hyperthyroidism in children.
Analysis of clinical data and long-standing clinical experience.
Synthesis of information on prevalence, etiology, presentation, and management.

Main Results:

SH is diagnosed by low TSH levels with normal thyroid hormone levels.
Symptoms, if present, are typically milder than in overt hyperthyroidism.
Management strategies for SH in children are not definitively established and require personalization.

Conclusions:

Subclinical hyperthyroidism in children necessitates careful evaluation and individualized treatment plans.
Understanding the prevalence, causes, and clinical features is crucial for effective management.
Further research may clarify optimal therapeutic approaches for pediatric SH.