Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

4.9K
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
4.9K
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

74.6K
Overview
74.6K
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

23.2K
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
23.2K
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

52.7K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
52.7K
Recombinant DNA01:09

Recombinant DNA

96.2K
Overview
96.2K
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

14.1K
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
14.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ambiguous Role of p53 in Transcription-Dependent Tumor Cell Death.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

The Managed Acquisition of Chemoresistance as an Informative Tool for Tumor Research.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

HCT116 cell line heterogeneity: A useful tool for preclinical research.

Chemico-biological interactions·2025
Same author

Microenvironment of Solid Tumors.

Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)·2025
Same author

The Role of Lysine Tyrosylquinone Containing Oxidases in Progression of Solid Tumors.

Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)·2025
Same author

Dualistic role of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in tumor progression.

Biology direct·2025
Same journal

Running exercise alleviates chronic heart failure by promoting cardiomyocyte autophagic flux through the NEAT1-QKI affecting Beclin1/LC3B mRNA stability.

Biology direct·2026
Same journal

The PTHR1/PKA/CREB1 axis promotes osteosarcoma progression by activating the PVT1/miR-590-3p/AXIN2 ceRNA network to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Biology direct·2026
Same journal

Identification and prognostic analysis of genes related to CTNNB1 mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Biology direct·2026
Same journal

TrxR1 inhibition sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to Motesanib via an autophagy-ROS-JNK/ER stress axis.

Biology direct·2026
Same journal

Integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis implicates Acinetobacter guillouiae in arachidonic acid metabolic remodeling and endometrial cancer cell proliferation.

Biology direct·2026
Same journal

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis reveals a fatty acid metabolism gene signature for prognostic assessment and immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and identifies ABCC1 as a potential novel therapeutic target.

Biology direct·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles
09:01

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: September 27, 2013

11.2K

Artificial genetic polymers against human pathologies.

Gleb S Ivanov1,2, Vyacheslav G Tribulovich2, Nikolay B Pestov3,4,5,6

  • 1Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky Ave 4, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064.

Biology Direct
|December 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are artificial genetic polymers with unique features for theranostics. This review covers their design, properties, and applications, highlighting future therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Locked nucleic acidsPeptide nucleic acidsXenonucleic acids

More Related Videos

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
14:20

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?

Published on: June 13, 2014

16.8K
Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry
08:51

Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 1, 2013

16.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles
09:01

Programming Stem Cells for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: September 27, 2013

11.2K
Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
14:20

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?

Published on: June 13, 2014

16.8K
Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry
08:51

Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 1, 2013

16.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are synthetic polymers mimicking DNA/RNA structure.
  • PNAs exhibit unique biophysical properties distinct from natural nucleic acids.
  • Interest in PNAs has grown due to their theranostic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, design principles, and biophysical features of PNAs.
  • To highlight successful applications of PNAs in biology and biomedicine.
  • To discuss PNA advancements for future therapeutic use.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PNA research.
  • Analysis of PNA structure-function relationships.
  • Synthesis of current applications and future directions.

Main Results:

  • PNAs possess versatile structural and binding characteristics.
  • PNAs have demonstrated efficacy in various biological and biomedical applications.
  • Key areas for PNA improvement towards therapeutic applications are identified.

Conclusions:

  • PNAs are promising artificial genetic polymers with significant theranostic potential.
  • Further development is needed to fully realize PNAs as a novel class of therapeutics.