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Depth perception between dots and the background face reduces trypophobic discomfort.

Nanxin Song1, Shinichi Koyama2

  • 1Faculty of Art and Design, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.

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Viewing dots on skin can cause discomfort. This study found that perceived depth, not just physical arrangement, significantly influences this discomfort, especially when dots appear attached to the skin.

Keywords:
Dot patternPerception of shadow and depthTrypophobiaVisual discomfortVisual system

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Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Viewing clusters of dots on skin can cause discomfort.
  • Previous explanations focused on physical and semantic relationships.
  • The role of perceived spatial relationships was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if perceived depth influences discomfort caused by dots on faces.
  • To differentiate the effects of physical versus perceived spatial relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed faces with different dot configurations (black, gray, or both).
  • Illusory depth was induced using shadow-like gray dots.
  • Discomfort levels and depth perception were self-reported via Likert scale and binary choice.

Main Results:

  • Discomfort was reported for all dot types.
  • Less discomfort was experienced when both black and gray dots induced perceived depth.
  • Perceived depth correlated significantly with discomfort only when depth was strongly perceived (black and gray dots).

Conclusions:

  • Both physical and perceived spatial relationships contribute to visual discomfort.
  • Perceived depth, particularly when dots appear attached, is a key factor in generating discomfort.