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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Stem-cell Based Engineered Immunity Against HIV Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model
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Stem cells in HIV infection.

Christoph Boesecke1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine I, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany.

Journal of Perinatal Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell transplantation (SCT) offers a potential cure for HIV but is only successful in rare cases. Long-term monitoring of viral reservoirs and antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption are crucial for validating HIV remission.

Keywords:
HIVstem cellstransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an investigational approach for HIV cure.
  • Limited cases demonstrate the potential efficacy of SCT in achieving HIV remission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on stem cell transplantation (SCT) for HIV cure.
  • To highlight the need for long-term follow-up data on viral reservoirs post-SCT.
  • To emphasize the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption in validating HIV remission.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published case studies on SCT for HIV.
  • Analysis of long-term follow-up data regarding viral shedding.
  • Evaluation of criteria for confirming sustained HIV remission.

Main Results:

  • Only a few cases of successful HIV cure via SCT have been reported to date.
  • Long-term data on viral shedding from reservoirs are lacking.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption remains the standard for validating remission.

Conclusions:

  • SCT is a viable, albeit limited, option for HIV cure.
  • Further research is required to understand and monitor viral reservoirs long-term.
  • Robust validation strategies, including ART interruption, are essential for confirming durable HIV remission.