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Choroidal Melanoma: A Case Series From Malaysia
Chia Yaw Teoh1, Wan Mariny W Md Kasim2, Talib Norlaila1
1Ophthalmology, Hospital Serdang, Selangor, MYS.
Cureus
|December 7, 2022
Summary
This case series highlights an increase in choroidal melanoma in Malaysia, a rare eye cancer. Early diagnosis and multifactorial prognostication, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, are crucial for effective treatment.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Oncology
- Medical Case Studies
Background:
- Choroidal melanoma, a rare uveal tract malignancy, is infrequently reported in Asian populations.
- This study focuses on its occurrence in Malaysia, a region with historically low incidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report eight cases of choroidal melanoma diagnosed and referred to a tertiary center in Malaysia between 2021 and 2022.
- To analyze the clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, and outcomes of these patients.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case series design was employed.
- Data were collected from patients diagnosed with choroidal melanoma and referred to the Oculoplastic Clinic at Hospital Serdang.
Main Results:
- Eight cases of choroidal melanoma were identified, with a median age of 65 years; most patients were female and of Malay or Chinese ethnicity.
- Common symptoms included reduced vision and noticeable ocular mass. Tumors were predominantly large (T3a stage), with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in three cases.
- Histopathology revealed epithelioid or mixed cell types. Surgical management involved enucleation or exenteration, with one recurrence and one case of liver metastasis at diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Malaysia is observing an increasing trend in choroidal melanoma cases.
- Clinical evaluation is key for diagnosis, while treatment decisions require multifactorial prognostication beyond tumor size.
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels offer a cost-effective marker for prognostication and monitoring.
