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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Learning and vulnerability to phonological and semantic interference in normal aging: an experimental study.

M-J Chasles^1,2, S Joubert^2,3, J Cole^1,2

¹Psychology department, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada.

Memory (Hove, England)

|December 7, 2022

Summary

This study found that phonological interference is more vulnerable than semantic interference in older adults. Cognitive function, not age, predicted interference, highlighting memory trace differences.

Keywords:

LASSI-L Phonological interference memory normal aging semantic interference

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuropsychology
Human Memory

Background:

Understanding memory interference is crucial for learning and cognitive health.
Previous research has not directly compared semantic and phonological interference vulnerability using homologous tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare semantic and phonological interference vulnerability across learning processes in older adults.
To investigate the relationship between age, cognitive functioning, and interference patterns.

Main Methods:

43 healthy older adults (61-88 years) completed neuropsychological tests, the LASSI-L (semantic task), and the TIP-A (phonological task).
Statistical analyses included paired sample t-tests, factorial ANOVA, and hierarchical regressions.

Main Results:

The TIP-A effectively induced phonological interference linked to short-term memory, unlike the LASSI-L.
Proactive interference dominated the semantic task (LASSI-L), while retroactive interference was higher in the phonological task (TIP-A).
Cognitive functioning, not age, predicted intrusion and false recognition errors, especially in the semantic context.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to use homologous concurrent word list tasks to assess phonological and semantic interference.
Phonological tasks may involve weaker initial memory traces compared to semantic tasks.
Findings suggest potential for using these paradigms to differentiate generalized interference vulnerability from specific semantic or phonological impairments in various pathologies.