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Related Concept Videos

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
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Clinical differences in enterococcal bacteriuria compared with other bacteriuria in cats.

Emily J Seidel1, Rebecka S Hess1, Stephen J Cole2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
|December 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Enterococcus species bacteriuria in cats is often subclinical and linked to polymicrobial infections. This contrasts with other bacterial infections, which present with more noticeable urinary tract signs like hematuria.

Keywords:
EnterococcusUrinary tract infectionpolymicrobial infectionsubclinical bacteriuria

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacteriuria in cats, particularly from Enterococcus species, is not well-characterized clinically compared to other bacterial causes.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of feline urinary tract infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical presentation and outcomes of bacteriuria caused by Enterococcus species versus other bacteria in a large cohort of cats.
  • To test the hypothesis that Enterococcus bacteriuria is associated with subclinical infections and polymicrobial disease.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective case-control study design was employed.
  • Cats with Enterococcus bacteriuria were matched by age, year, and weight to control cats with other bacteriuria.
  • Clinical data, including lower urinary tract signs and infection type, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Cats with Enterococcus bacteriuria showed significantly fewer lower urinary tract clinical signs (25%) compared to controls (49%), including gross hematuria.
  • Enterococcus cases were significantly more likely to have polymicrobial infections (OR 5.84) than controls.
  • Subclinical bacteriuria was more prevalent in Enterococcus cases.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococcus species bacteriuria in cats is frequently subclinical and associated with a higher likelihood of polymicrobial urinary tract infections.
  • These findings differentiate Enterococcus infections from other bacterial UTIs in cats, suggesting distinct clinical management approaches.