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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Updated: Aug 18, 2025

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CRISPR-Cas based molecular diagnostics for foodborne pathogens.

Yunhao Lu1, Hao Yang2, Jinrong Bai3

  • 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|December 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR/Cas biosensors offer a promising solution for rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens. This review explores various CRISPR/Cas-based diagnostic strategies to enhance food safety.

Keywords:
CRISPR/CasFoodborne pathogensbiosensorsfood safetynucleic acid diagnosis

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Area of Science:

  • Food safety
  • Biosensing technologies
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Foodborne illnesses pose significant public health challenges, necessitating improved diagnostic methods.
  • Conventional food pathogen detection assays often suffer from low sensitivity, long analysis times, and complex sample preparation.
  • CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors present a novel approach to overcome limitations of traditional detection techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize CRISPR/Cas-assisted diagnostic strategies for detecting foodborne pathogens.
  • To focus on various biosensing platforms utilizing CRISPR/Cas systems.
  • To discuss the potential of CRISPR/Cas technology in improving food safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors for foodborne pathogen detection.
  • Analysis of different detection principles including fluorescence, colorimetric, (electro)chemiluminescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
  • Examination of detection capabilities for foodborne bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR/Cas biosensors demonstrate potential for high sensitivity and specificity in detecting a range of foodborne pathogens.
  • Various platforms (fluorescence, colorimetric, electrochemical, etc.) show promise for different detection needs.
  • The review synthesizes the principles and applications of these advanced diagnostic tools.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors offer a powerful platform for advancing food safety diagnostics.
  • Addressing current technical barriers is crucial for the widespread application of these technologies.
  • Further development can significantly enhance the potential of CRISPR/Cas for real-time food safety monitoring.