Invasive fungal infection by Saprochaete capitata in a child with bone marrow aplasia

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Hematology

Background:

• Saprochaete capitata is an emerging opportunistic pathogen causing invasive fungal infections.
• These infections are particularly dangerous in immunocompromised individuals, often exhibiting antifungal resistance.
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are at high risk due to profound immunosuppression.

Observation:

• A 5-year-old boy with bone marrow aplasia post-HSCT developed persistent febrile neutropenia.
• Clinical manifestations included abdominal pain, maculopapular skin lesions, and impaired renal function.
• Saprochaete capitata was identified via blood culture from a central venous catheter.

Findings:

• The case highlights a rare but severe invasive fungal infection caused by S. capitata.
• Persistent febrile neutropenia and central venous catheter use were key indicators.
• The infection presented with multi-organ involvement, including skin and kidneys.

Implications:

• This case underscores the need for heightened clinical suspicion for S. capitata in febrile neutropenic HSCT patients.
• Prompt diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy are critical for improving outcomes.
• Awareness of this pathogen's potential is vital for managing invasive fungal infections in vulnerable populations.