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Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

568
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
568

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Drone exploration of bat echolocation: A UAV-borne multimicrophone array to study bat echolocation.

Christian Jespersen1, David Docherty2, John Hallam2

  • 1Department of Biology University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark.

Ecology and Evolution
|December 8, 2022
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Summary

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mounted microphone arrays can now record bat echolocation in diverse environments. This technology overcomes previous limitations, enabling broader ecological studies of bat sonar.

Keywords:
UAVbatsecholocationmicrophone arraysource level

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Area of Science:

  • Bioacoustics
  • Ecology
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Multimicrophone arrays are vital for studying bat echolocation but are limited by deployment location and mobility.
  • Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer potential for wider deployment but introduce concerns about noise interference and behavioral impacts on bats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a UAV-borne multimicrophone system for recording bat echolocation in various environments.
  • To assess and mitigate the effects of UAV noise on recording quality.
  • To evaluate the behavioral impact of the UAV on bats during recordings.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a UAV-borne multimicrophone setup.
  • Quantified and mitigated UAV noise, particularly at ultrasonic frequencies.
  • Deployed the system to record echolocation calls from four Danish bat species.
  • Acoustically localized bat vocalizations.

Main Results:

  • UAV noise was substantial at ultrasonic frequencies but was attenuated below system self-noise by suspending the array 30m below the UAV.
  • Successful recording and acoustic localization of *Pipistrellus pygmaeus*, *Myotis daubentonii*, *Eptesicus serotinus*, and *Nyctalus noctula* were achieved.
  • Bats exhibited minimal behavioral changes, approaching the array closely and emitting feeding buzzes.

Conclusions:

  • UAV-borne multimicrophone arrays are a viable tool for studying bat echolocation across diverse and previously inaccessible habitats.
  • This technology can provide crucial insights into bat sonar usage in their natural environments.
  • The system effectively overcomes noise and behavioral challenges associated with UAV deployment.