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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Minerals01:26

Minerals

392
Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
Major...
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Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

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Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:28

Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements

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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: December 1, 2023

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Main nutritional deficiencies.

Aysha Karim Kiani1, Kristjana Dhuli2, Kevin Donato1

  • 1MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
|December 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutritional inadequacy and deficiency impact bodily functions and increase disease risk. Biomarkers and interventions like supplementation are key to preventing malnutrition and improving health outcomes.

Keywords:
Dietary supplementsMicronutrient deficienciesNutrient inadequaciesNutritional biomarkersVitamins

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Human Physiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nutrition provides essential energy for human bodily processes.
  • A balanced diet comprises both macronutrients and micronutrients.
  • Nutritional inadequacy and deficiency have severe health consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define nutritional inadequacy and deficiency.
  • To explore causes of malnutrition.
  • To highlight the role of nutritional biomarkers and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nutritional science principles.
  • Identification of causes and consequences of malnutrition.
  • Discussion of nutritional biomarkers (e.g., serum folate, vitamin C, zinc).

Main Results:

  • Nutritional inadequacy is insufficient intake, while deficiency severely impairs bodily functions, increasing disease risk.
  • Malnutrition stems from environmental factors and various disease conditions.
  • Deficiencies in macro- and micronutrients lead to distinct health issues, from developmental problems to chronic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Nutritional biomarkers aid in assessing nutrient intake and exposure.
  • Preventing macro- and micronutrient deficiencies is vital for public health.
  • Supplementation and food-based strategies are effective prevention methods.