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The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

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Investigating cognitive flexibility deficit in schizophrenia using task-based whole-brain functional connectivity.

Yanqing Wang^1,2, Xueping Hu^3,4, Yilu Li⁵

¹Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Psychiatry

|December 8, 2022

Summary

Schizophrenia patients exhibit altered whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) during task-switching, impacting cognitive flexibility. This study shows FC patterns can differentiate patients from controls, revealing network inefficiencies.

Keywords:

cognitive flexibility functional connectivity graph theory analysis multivariate pattern analysis schizophrenia

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Psychiatry

Background:

Cognitive flexibility, a key executive function, is impaired in schizophrenia, particularly during task-switching.
Neuroimaging studies show local brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, but whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) alterations remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate task-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) differences in schizophrenia patients during task-switching.
To determine if FC patterns can serve as a biomarker for discriminating schizophrenia patients from healthy controls.
To analyze network integration and segregation to understand brain network reconfiguration in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

Task-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis during a task-switching paradigm.
Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to classify schizophrenia patients and healthy controls based on FC patterns.
Graph theory analysis to quantify network integration and segregation.

Main Results:

FC patterns accurately distinguished schizophrenia patients from healthy controls.
Schizophrenia patients exhibited lower network integration and segregation compared to controls.
These findings indicate less efficient global and local information transfer in schizophrenia during task-switching.

Conclusions:

Task-based FC patterns are altered in schizophrenia patients during cognitive flexibility tasks.
FC profiles during task-switching show potential as a neuromarker for schizophrenia detection.
Altered brain network organization in schizophrenia contributes to impaired cognitive flexibility.