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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Bats are the primary source of domestically acquired rabies in the U.S.
    • Rabies is nearly always fatal once symptoms appear.
    • Lack of awareness regarding bat-transmitted rabies and the necessity of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) can have severe consequences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a fatal case of rabies in a child following a bat bite with no visible marks.
    • To emphasize the importance of rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) regardless of visible bite marks.
    • To advocate for enhanced public education on rabies transmission and prevention.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of a 7-year-old boy diagnosed with rabies.
    • Contact tracing and recommendation for PEP for 57 exposed individuals.
    • Review of rabies epidemiology in the U.S.

    Main Results:

    • The child died 22 days after symptom onset.
    • Bats were implicated in 81.6% of U.S. human rabies cases since 2000.
    • Public health guidance was issued to 57 potentially exposed individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Rabies is a critical public health concern, particularly bat-transmitted cases in the U.S.
    • Prompt administration of rabies PEP is essential for preventing rabies after exposure.
    • Public awareness campaigns are needed to educate about bat-related rabies risks and PEP availability.