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Renal diseases associated with multiple sclerosis: A narrative review
Gabriel Alugba1, Alexsandra Urhi2, Iyanu Victoria Olateju3
1Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
Medicine
|December 9, 2022
Summary
Kidney diseases in multiple sclerosis (MS) are often linked to treatments like interferon beta. While some conditions improve after stopping medication, others like thrombotic microangiopathy can lead to chronic kidney disease.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Renal pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) is multifactorial, stemming from the disease itself or its treatments.
- Limited literature exists on the prevalence and specific types of kidney diseases in MS patients, necessitating further investigation.
Approach:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2012 to 2022 using MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE.
- Fourteen articles meeting inclusion criteria (full-text, English, original research on renal diseases in MS) were analyzed.
Key Points:
- The prevalence of renal diseases in MS patients ranged from 0.74% to 2.49%.
- Interferon beta (IFN-β)-associated glomerulonephritis was a frequently reported condition, often resolving upon medication cessation.
- Renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) induced by IFN-β showed a poorer prognosis, with some cases progressing to chronic kidney disease despite drug discontinuation.
- Other renal issues included nephrolithiasis related to urinary retention and catheter use.
Conclusions:
- Renal complications in MS are significant and varied, requiring careful monitoring.
- Treatment-induced renal pathologies, particularly those linked to interferon beta, necessitate prompt recognition and management.
- Prognosis for renal disease in MS varies, with some conditions being reversible and others potentially leading to long-term kidney damage.
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