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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.6K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

338
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
338
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.1K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method
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Soft metamaterial with programmable ferromagnetism.

Kerem Kaya1, Emre Iseri1, Wouter van der Wijngaart1

  • 1Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 100 44 Sweden.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|December 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed programmable magnetopolymers with tunable magnetic properties. These novel composites offer controllable states, including ferromagnetic and artificial spin ice, for advanced smart material applications.

Keywords:
EngineeringMaterials science

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Magnetopolymers are crucial for smart materials, but post-synthesis property modification is challenging.
  • Existing methods for controlling magnetopolymer properties are often complex and limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce easily programmable magnetopolymer composites with tunable magnetic properties.
  • To demonstrate a novel approach for creating ferromagnetic materials with controllable Curie temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 2D lattices of droplets containing magnetic dipole particles within a phase-change material.
  • Characterization of magnetic states (superparamagnetic, artificial spin ice, spin glass, ferromagnetic) through controlled temperature and magnetic field variations.
  • Observation of 2D magnetic vortices and correlation with bulk remanence.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated magnetopolymers with high remanence and Curie temperatures below degradation point.
  • Successfully reprogrammed materials between four distinct magnetic states.
  • Observed spontaneous emergence of 2D magnetic vortices in the artificial spin ice state.
  • Showcased magnetically latching structures with easily programmable properties.

Conclusions:

  • The developed magnetopolymer composites offer unprecedented control over magnetic properties.
  • This technology enables the creation of reprogrammable smart materials for diverse applications.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced magnetic devices and sensors.