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Human Caring: A Concept Analysis.

Leila Ghanbari-Afra1, Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery1, Mansour Dianati1

  • 1Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

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Summary
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Human caring in nursing, a blend of science and art, lacks a clear definition. This study identified nine attributes, antecedents, and consequences to define human caring, advocating for its integration into nursing education.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Science
  • Healthcare Ethics
  • Humanities in Medicine

Background:

  • Human caring is central to nursing, integrating science, art, and humanity.
  • Despite its importance, a clear, universally accepted definition of human caring in nursing is absent.
  • This conceptual analysis addresses the need for a precise definition to guide practice and education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the concept of human caring within the nursing context.
  • To develop a theoretical definition and conceptual model for human caring.
  • To identify the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of human caring.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Walker and Avant's concept analysis strategy.
  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, etc.) and dictionaries.
  • Included articles published before September 2020, refining an initial 1637 articles to 39 relevant studies.

Main Results:

  • Identified nine defining attributes: therapeutic communication, presence, empathy, scientific care, subjectivity, dynamism, respect for rights and ethics, promoting well-being, and creativity.
  • Categorized antecedents into human, personal, and organizational factors.
  • Classified consequences related to the nurse, profession, patient, and organization.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a theoretical definition and conceptual model for human caring in nursing.
  • Emphasized the need to integrate the concept of human caring into all levels of nursing curricula.
  • Recommended incorporating human caring principles into nurses' in-service training programs.