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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...

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Translational Rabbit Model of Chronic Cardiac Pacing

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Pacemaker electrode rupture causes recurrent syncope: A case report.

Xiao-Yong Zhu¹, Xin-Hu Tang², Wen-Yin Huang¹

¹Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.

World Journal of Clinical Cases

|December 9, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pacemaker electrode breakage can occur due to subclavian vein puncture, especially in patients with narrow space between the clavicle and first rib. Prompt replacement is crucial if symptoms like syncope recur.

Keywords:

Case report Lead fracture Pacemaker Subclavian crush Syncope

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Medical Devices

Background:

Permanent pacemaker implantation commonly uses subclavian vein puncture.
Anatomic variations, like a narrow space between the clavicle and first rib, pose risks.
Increased upper limb activity can cause friction and lead to electrode wire breakage.

Observation:

A 68-year-old woman with a history of pacemaker implantation presented with recurrent syncope.
Chest X-ray revealed a broken pacemaker electrode.
Following electrode replacement, syncope resolved.

Findings:

Subclavian approach pacemaker electrodes are susceptible to wear and tear due to proximity to the clavicle and first rib.
Electrode breakage can manifest as impaired pacemaker function and syncope.

Implications:

Recurrent syncope after pacemaker implantation warrants consideration of pacemaker electrode breakage.
Timely diagnosis and replacement of broken pacemaker electrodes are essential for patient recovery.