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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography

Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography

Published on: January 17, 2025

Exploring craniofacial and dental development with microRNAs.

Dan Su^1,2, Tadkamol Krongbaramee^3,4, Hongli Sun³

¹Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A.

Biochemical Society Transactions

|December 9, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators of cellular processes and tissue repair. This review explores their roles in development, disease, and potential therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine.

Keywords:

PMIS miR inhibitor craniofacial microRNAs murine models regeneration therapeutics

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Last Updated: Aug 18, 2025

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNA molecules regulating gene expression in cellular and developmental processes.
They are crucial for tissue homeostasis, stem cell maintenance, and are being explored for therapeutic applications in regeneration and repair.
While cellular and cancer research is extensive, in vivo responses in complex tissues require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of microRNAs in animal developmental models, including xenograft, disease, and injury models.
To discuss the clinical applications of microRNAs, focusing on their diagnostic potential and therapeutic use in craniofacial diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of animal developmental models (xenograft, disease, injury).
Analysis of current clinical studies involving microRNAs.
Exploration of microRNA-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

MicroRNAs play critical roles in tissue development and homeostasis.
Animal models provide insights into in vivo microRNA functions, which can differ from cellular studies.
Clinical studies highlight microRNAs' diagnostic utility and therapeutic potential, particularly for craniofacial diseases.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs are vital regulators with significant therapeutic promise in regenerative medicine.
Further research using complex in vivo models is essential to fully understand and harness their potential.
MicroRNAs offer promising avenues for diagnosing and treating various diseases, including craniofacial disorders.