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Analyzing spatial and temporal evolution of groundwater salinization through Multivariate Statistical Analysis and

Alessandro Parisi1, Maria Rosaria Alfio2, Gabriella Balacco2

  • 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Bari 70125, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione (DEI), Politecnico di Bari, Bari 70125, Italy.

The Science of the Total Environment
|December 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Groundwater salinization in coastal aquifers is worsened by excessive withdrawal, leading to seawater intrusion. This study compares statistical and hydrogeochemical methods to map these dynamics for better groundwater management.

Keywords:
Factor analysisFreshening/intrusion substagesGroundwater salinizationHFE-diagramHierarchical cluster analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Coastal aquifers in arid regions face increasing groundwater withdrawal.
  • This exacerbates seawater intrusion and saltwater upconing, causing groundwater salinization.
  • Salinization impacts groundwater-dependent systems and water resources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare statistical and hydrogeochemical methods for analyzing groundwater salinization dynamics.
  • To understand the spatial and temporal evolution of groundwater salinization.
  • To identify areas with low and high salinization dynamics for hazard mapping.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-temporal groundwater samples from the Salento Aquifer.
  • Applied statistical methods: hierarchical cluster and factor analyses.
  • Employed hydrogeochemical methods: hydrogeochemical facies evolution.

Main Results:

  • Identified zones with stable, low dynamics (recharge areas) and invariant salinization.
  • Characterized zones with high spatial and temporal variability indicating alternating groundwater conditions.
  • Developed a preliminary hazard map for groundwater salinization processes.

Conclusions:

  • The combined methodological approach effectively highlights groundwater salinization dynamics.
  • Results aid in distinguishing between stable and dynamic salinization zones.
  • Informs policymakers and stakeholders for effective coastal aquifer management.