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ON MODERN APPROACHES TO CREATION OF A SINGLE-CYCLE VACCINE AGAINST TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS.
V A Lashkevich1, G G Karganova1
1Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences.
Voprosy Virusologii
|December 10, 2022
Summary
New tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccines could offer long-term immunity with a single dose, potentially through oral administration. This approach aims to overcome limitations of current inactivated vaccines (IVTBE).
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) affects approximately 2000 individuals annually in Russia, with low vaccination rates.
- Current inactivated vaccines (IVTBE) are effective (>95%) and safe but require multiple injections, are costly, and face vaccine refusal.
- Existing limitations necessitate the development of novel TBE vaccines with improved administration and durability of immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential of novel vaccine strategies for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE).
- To identify vaccine candidates that offer long-term immunity with a single application.
- To investigate the feasibility of an orally administered TBE vaccine.
Main Methods:
- Review of genetic engineering techniques for producing replication-defective flaviviruses.
- Assessment of TBE transmission routes, including milk from infected animals.
- Evaluation of existing live TBE vaccine data.
Main Results:
- Genetic engineering offers a pathway to create safe, single-cycle flavivirus vaccines.
- The oral route is being considered for TBE vaccine delivery.
- Natural transmission via milk and prior live vaccine studies support oral vaccine development.
Conclusions:
- Replication-defective flaviviruses are promising platforms for next-generation TBE vaccines.
- An oral, single-dose TBE vaccine is a feasible goal.
- Novel vaccines should match IVTBE safety and efficacy while improving convenience and reducing refusals.
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