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A Community Guide Systematic Review: School Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions.
Leigh Ramsey Buchanan1, Holly R Wethington2, Ramona K C Finnie2
1Cherokee Nation Operational Solutions, Arlington, Virginia.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|December 10, 2022
Summary
School interventions combining healthy meals and physical activity boost elementary students' activity levels and fruit/vegetable intake. These programs also modestly reduce overweight and obesity prevalence in young students.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Nutrition Science
- Pediatric Health
Background:
- Schools are vital settings for promoting healthy lifestyles through nutrition and physical activity.
- Obesity risk can be mitigated by a balanced diet and regular exercise.
- This review assesses combined school-based nutrition and physical activity interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of school interventions integrating meal/snack programs with physical activity.
- To analyze impacts on dietary behavior, physical activity, and weight changes in students.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review utilizing Community Guide methods was conducted.
- Literature search covered January 1990 to November 2019.
- Effectiveness was measured by changes in diet, physical activity, and weight; analyses were performed in 2020.
Main Results:
- Twenty-four studies showed interventions increased physical activity (median 21.8 min/day) in elementary students.
- Fruit and vegetable intake saw a modest increase (median 12.1%).
- Overweight and obesity prevalence decreased by a median of 2.5 percentage points.
Conclusions:
- Combined school meal/snack and physical activity interventions are effective for elementary students.
- These programs enhance physical activity and modestly improve diet and weight status.
- Findings can guide school administrators and researchers on effective health promotion strategies.
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