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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pediatric Hospitalization in the COVID-19 Era

Elena Bozzola1, Sarah Barni1, Alberto Villani1

  • 1Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic initially reduced pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) hospitalizations globally. However, lifting restrictions led to significant RSV outbreaks and increased pediatric intensive care unit admissions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major cause of pediatric hospitalization worldwide.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted respiratory virus circulation.
  • Changes in viral dynamics post-pandemic created a new epidemiological landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a global scoping review on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric RSV hospitalization rates.
  • To analyze the impact of pandemic-related measures and their subsequent relaxation on RSV epidemiology in children.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Literature search performed on PubMed using Mesh terms for RSV and COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.
  • Included studies focused on pediatric and adolescent populations (up to 18 years) hospitalized for RSV.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in pediatric RSV hospitalizations was observed globally during the 2020-2021 season.
  • Following the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions, unexpected and substantial RSV outbreaks occurred.
  • These outbreaks resulted in increased hospitalizations and high occupancy rates in pediatric intensive care units.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures initially suppressed pediatric RSV hospitalizations.
  • The relaxation of these measures triggered significant RSV resurgence, overwhelming pediatric healthcare capacity.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for future pandemic preparedness and pediatric respiratory virus management.

Keywords:
COVID-19childrenhospitalizationrespiratory syncytial virus

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