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Monkeypox: A Mini-Review on the Globally Emerging Orthopoxvirus
Amy Evans1, Bara' Abdallah AlShurman1, Hibah Sehar1
1School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 11, 2022
Summary
Monkeypox (MPXV) is a viral disease endemic to Africa. A 2022 global outbreak showed increased age of onset, with smallpox vaccines and antivirals recommended for prevention and management.
Area of Science:
- * Virology and Epidemiology
- * Infectious Diseases
- * Public Health
Background:
- * Monkeypox (MPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus endemic to West and Central Africa since 1958.
- * A significant global outbreak began in May 2022, with rising case numbers.
- * Existing literature requires analysis to understand current MPXV epidemiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To analyze literature on MPXV published from 2017 onwards.
- * To provide epidemiological context for the 2022 global outbreak.
- * To review transmission, diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- * Systematic literature review using PubMed and Google Scholar.
- * Inclusion of peer-reviewed and grey literature.
- * Focus on data from 2017 to the present.
Main Results:
- * Epidemiological data indicates an increased age of onset for MPXV.
- * Antivirals like Tecovirimat and Brincidofovir are recommended for confirmed cases.
- * Smallpox vaccines are suggested for at-risk populations, not mass vaccination.
Conclusions:
- * MPXV epidemiology is evolving, with a notable rise in adult cases.
- * Antiviral treatments and targeted vaccination are key management strategies.
- * Further research is needed on animal reservoirs and sexual transmission dynamics.
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