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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Behavior01:21

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
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Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste
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Trade Flow Optimization Model for Plastic Pollution Reduction.

Daming Li1, Canyao Liu2, Yu Shi2

  • 1Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global plastic waste management requires understanding international trade flows. This study uses a network flow model to identify optimal trade routes, finding real-world flows closely align with optimal ones for reducing ocean pollution.

Keywords:
network flow modeloptimizationplastic pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Operations Research
  • Supply Chain Management

Background:

  • International plastic waste management is complex due to diverse roles in global trade networks.
  • Understanding trade flows is crucial for analyzing the global plastic market and its supply chains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate an optimization problem for reducing global ocean plastic pollution.
  • To develop a novel network flow model for identifying optimal international plastic trade flows across the entire life-cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified global flows of plastic production, consumption, and trade.
  • Utilized a network flow model to determine optimal trade patterns.
  • Employed panel data on plastic consumption, waste, and production for analysis.

Main Results:

  • The study's model quantifies plastic flows from raw materials to waste.
  • A high correlation was found between actual and model-determined optimal trade flows.
  • Identified key areas for policy intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing trade capacity in developing nations can aid plastic waste management.
  • Improving recycling rates in developing countries is a critical policy implication.
  • The network flow model provides a framework for optimizing global plastic trade to mitigate pollution.